Journal – Indian Ground Water

 Topics

• Modelling and Mapping of Groundwater Potential Zones using AHP and GIS
  Technique: A case study of Jhalda-I Block, Puruliya, West Bengal
  Chandi Rajak, Biplab Biswas, Subrata Halder, Tanmay Das and Rittick Bar
  Abstract
  Groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) map is necessary for optimum development of water resources in water scarce regions.
  Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (RS?GIS); and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques have been
  used for modelling groundwater potential zones of Jhalda-I Block, Puruliya District, West Bengal, India. Total area of the Block is 315.09 sq. km. Nine thematic layers such as Geology, Soil Texture, Slope, Land use Land cover (LULC), Lineament Density, Drainage Density, Rainfall, Elevation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) have been used for the study. All the themes and their features have been assigned weights. Their normalized weights were calculated after the hierarchical ranking by pair-wise comparison matrix of AHP. Groundwater potential zone map has been prepared through weighted overlay analysis in GIS environment. The resulting groundwater potential zone map has been classified into five zones, namely very high, high, moderate, low and very low. The result shows that only 12.42% of the total area is under the very high GWPZ, while 13.63% of land falls under very low GWPZ. Various zones have been validated with post-monsoon ground water depth. Random sampling technique and ROC curve were applied in the geospatial environment to validate the model. The paper suggests using suitable zones for sustainable development of groundwater in this region.
  Keywords: Groundwater potential zones (GWPZ), Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical information system (GIS), NDVI, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

• Public Investment in Household Water Infrastructure and Economic
  Development: An Achilles Heel for India?
  Achiransu Acharyya
  Abstract
  There is a positive correlation between increased national income and the proportion of population with access to improved
  water. An increase in investment in household access to safe water is associated with an increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the economy. Therefore, it can be argued that improved water services and water resources management are an essential and necessary condition for economic development and growth. The Jal Jeevan Mission, a central government initiative under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, aims to ensure access of piped water for every household in India and has earmarked Rs 3.6 trillion for the mission. The mission’s goal is to provide to all households in rural India safe and adequate water through individual household tap
  connections by 2024. In India, the financial challenges water utilities face are layered onto chronic, long-term, and insufficient
  investment in the nation’s water infrastructure. Billions of dollars are needed each year to renew and replace outdated pipes,
  pumps, storage facilities, and treatment plants that ensure clean water delivers to homes and businesses across the nation, carry away and safely treat sewage and stormwater, and return treated water to rivers, streams, and other water bodies. Local, state, and Central government funding is meeting a fraction of the current need. Only 1.1% of the GDP has been earmarked for water in the budget of 2019-20. If this trend continues, the nation’s water systems will become less reliable, breaks and failures will become more common, vulnerabilities to disruptions will compound, and the nation will put public health and the economy at risk. Under such conditions, this paper argues for facilitation of private investment in the domestic water supply market. India has already experimented with the public-private partnership model. However, the model has not worked well. It is imperative on the government to look for avenues to involve the private sector for the efficient running of the water supply system.
  Key words: Drinking Water, Economic Growth, Private Investment

• Spatio-Temporal Variation in Physico-Chemical Properties of Groundwater
  within Arsenic Affected Shallow Alluvial Aquifers of Murshidabad District,
  West Bengal, Eastern Iindia
  Rhitwik Chatterjee
  Abstract
  Incessant over-exploitation of shallow aquifers, across the country, mostly to meet her agricultural needs, is driving India towards a grave crisis in terms of groundwater availability, which is further delimited by its quality deterioration issues. Scientific approach for amelioration, based on aquifer characteristics at the micro-level, is the prime need of the hour. The present study aims to characterize the arsenic affected, shallow alluvial aquifers from Murshidabad district of West Bengal, on the basis of time series, bi-seasonal data (post & pre-monsoon), in terms of the selective, physico-chemical properties of groundwater, using statistical and geo-spatial tools. The study finds that groundwater contained within younger alluvial aquifers from eastern side of Bhagirathi River show higher pH, TA, TDS and SpC, compared to those from western side of the river, over the entire study period (2002-2016). Resulting anoxic geochemical condition, in the sector makes it conducive for arsenic mobilization. The author also postulated the difference in groundwater flow condition on either side of Bhagirathi River as factor controlling arsenic mobilization in the district. These presents improved understanding of the subtle variation of studied groundwater parameters, amidst the complex and contrasting hydro-geological set-up of the study area.
  Keywords: Groundwater, Aquifer, Arsenic, Geo-spatial tools, Murshidabad, Rarh, Bagri

• Water seller vs Water buyers: An Unspoken story of Inequality
  Susnata Ganguly
  Abstract
  The irrigation system in India witnessed major changes post-independence, with the increased dependency of the rural
  beneficiaries on private investment on irrigation. It has been widely acknowledged by scholars that the public irrigation lacked
  significant amount of attention by the government which resulted into the urgency and dependency on private irrigation
  investments. Because of this apathy by the planners, where day by day public irrigation system failed around the rural areas of
  India, there emerged a market for water, dominated by those farmers who had considerable amount of funds to invest for an
  irrigation system, be it a diesel based system or electricity based one. Furthermore, the policies by the government to provide
  subsidy on diesel and charging flat rate for using electricity for irrigation encouraged the private promoters to invest extensively to develop a private irrigation operation. This ultimately led to an increase in the velocity of agrarian income gap. West Bengal was not out of this transition. This paper implores the aspect of rural income gap across the farmers of Burdwan district, West Bengal, who are dependent on private irrigation (diesel-based irrigation system). To determine the income gap, the paper would be using Theil inequality index to identify both within group and between group inequalities in income and would also identify the root cause of such inequality from the data on land holding, education, etc. The paper also aims to identify ownership inequality using Gini coefficient (or Head count ratio) by looking into the daily consumption pattern of basic services like electricity, etc., and ownership of type of house, commuting vehicles, etc. to determine how well the farmers are leading their life. Hence, the paper aims to provide a picture of the inequality on income perspective as well as standard of living of the farmers classified on the basis of ownership of a Water Extraction Mechanism (diesel pumps). While ownership of land and labor for inequality of income has already been studied, ownership of water as a part of the inequality would add a new dimension to the existing literature.
  Keywords: groundwater, irrigation, private investment, inequality.

• Aquifer Characteristics, Long Term Groundwater Level Trend and
  Hydrochemistry in the Central Indian Groundwater Province: An Overview of
  the Chhattisgarh State
  Anadi Gayen
  Abstract
  The state of Chhattisgarh is characterized by typical physiographical features include plain land, hilly areas and plateau regions. The state is comprised of sub-surface geological formations of diverse natures and is belonging to the geological age of range in between Azoic to Quaternary. The Archaean crystalline rock consists of granites and gneisses forming the major litho-unit of the region. Groundwater occurs under unconfined to semi-confined conditions in this central Indian state. The crystalline formations present throughout the state and covers around 58% of Chhattisgarh except the Janjgir-Champa area. Remaining 27% and 13 % areas of the state are underlain by geological formations belonging to the Chhattisgarh Group of rocks and the semi-consolidated Gondwana Supergroup of rocks respectively. Rest only 2 % area of Chhattisgarh is covered by the geological formations like Deccan Trap, Lameta Beds, Laterite and River Alluvium. The main repository for groundwater within the crystalline rocks is constituted by the weathered formation and fractures. Monitoring of groundwater abstraction structures like dug well, bore well and piezometers depicting two different scenarios of phreatic and deeper aquifer systems including the long term water table trend and hydrochemical perspectives of the state. The entire state may be classified by the three groundwater zones maintains different hydrochemical characters. The shallow zone of Chhattisgarh performs as an active groundwater flushing layer through – relatively well-leached rocks having HCO3 as the dominant anion and is low in total dissolved solids. The intermediate sub-surface – zone is characterized by less active groundwater circulation layer and is represented by the sulphate (SO4 ) as dominant anion. The lower zone shows very little groundwater flushing having high Cl concentration and high total dissolved solids contents. The HCO 3 content in groundwater is normally derived from CO2 in the soil layer and also by the process of dissolution of calcite and dolomite minerals. Demand and supply side management would be appreciable steps towards achieving a sustainable development goals
  for various uses of groundwater resources.
  Keywords: Aquifer, Physiography, Monitoring, Groundwater Chemistry, Sustainability

• Estimation of Groundwater Fluctuation Scenario in the Lateritic Terrain of
  Garhbeta I Block, Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal, India
  Jyotibrata Chakraborty , Debendu Chakraborty , Suman De Sen , Jayanta Sen
  Abstract
  The present paper highlights how remote sensing techniques with an emphasis on relief, geomorphology, land use/land cover
  help in identification of the potential zones for developmental planning and predicting problem areas in terms of groundwater
  availability with reasonable accuracy. Integrated use of Remote Sensing and GIS can provide the appropriate platform for
  convergence of multidisciplinary data from various sources for appropriate land-use planning, application of bioengineering
  methods for soil and water conservation, groundwater recharge, judicious withdrawal of groundwater and combating acute
  groundwater scarcity in this part of the globe.
  Keywords: remote sensing, groundwater, development

• Significance of Coastal Dunes in Coastal Zone Management
  Dr. Parthasarathi Chakrabarti
  Abstract
  The process- response system analysis of the coastal zone primarily includes reconstruction and evalution of natural/ physical
  phenomenon in relation to anthropogenic impact through short and long term monitoring of the ‘geo-bio-cultural’ and ‘hydrobiological’ interrelationships. So, a good understanding between Environment Evaluation System (EES) and Land Evaluation (LE) procedure is essential;for example, the coastal dunes being ecological habitat with sand storage system play a significant role in nourishment of the beach face – an intriguing zone where marine, aeolian and fluvial forces of varying intensity (season dependent) are active. On the issue, an elaboration is made on the significance of coastal dunes in two different ‘eco- geological’ coastal environs viz. macrotidal Hooghly estuary/ Sunderban coastal zone and mesotidal Medinipur(Digha- Junput) coastal plain, West Bengal. The paper conclude on ‘wise-use’ of the beach face- dune complex zone through analysis of the baseline data obtained from real world observations towards successful coastal zone management in societal perspective.
  Key words: Coastal Dunes, Eco- geomorphological significance, Coastal zone management.

• Exposure and health risk assessment of different aged children due to
  arsenic toxicity from a severely exposed block of West Bengal, India
  Madhurima Joardar, Antara Das, Ayan De, Deepanjan Mridha, Nilanjana Roy Chowdhury , Iravati Ray , Tarit Roychowdhury
  Abstract
  Health exposure and risk assessment of different aged children due to consumption of arsenic-contaminated drinking water on a daily basis from Gaighata (exposed block) of West Bengal, India have been investigated. This study reveals that the different age groups of children are sub-clinically affected due to arsenic toxicity through intake of contaminated drinking water. The dietary intake of arsenic through drinking water by 1-5 years, 6-10 years and 11-15 years aged children was 3.74, 5.02 and 5.04 μg/kg bw/day respectively which is much higher compared to the WHO recommended value of 3.0 μg/kg bw/day. The prominent level of arsenic in urine signifies that the studied groups of children are presently exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water. Intake of inorganic arsenic is considered as a potential area of concern depending on human health hazard. The mean cancer risk is high for all the age groups of children i.e. (1-5 years: 3.9 * 10^-4 ), (6-10 years: 1.1 * 10 ^–3 ) and (11-15 years: 1.7 * 10^-3 ) through drinking water. Likewise, the mean non-cancer (HQ value) risk for children of 1-5 years is 0.88, which is lower than the threshold value (HQ > 1). However, the HQ for children of (6-10 years) and (11-15 years) are 2.43 and 3.85, respectively, which are much higher compared to the threshold level. Promoting awareness program on arsenic severity, proper nutritional food and supplementation of arsenic-safe drinking water is highly recommended for the exposed groups of children to struggle against the arsenic pollution.
  Keywords: Children; Drinking water; Arsenic, Daily dietary intake; Health risk

• A Note on Causes and Consequences of Tropical Cyclone ‘Yaas’
  Sutapa Chaudhuri

Topics

• Obituary-
  Dr. D. K. Chadha
  Sri Dipak Kumar Bandopadhyay

• An Overview of Pollution of River Ganga along Lower Reach
  Arunabha Majumder
  Abstract

  The mighty Ganga basin is endowed with both copious supply of surface and ground water. The estimated surface and ground water in the basin are 33×10⁷ cusec and 11×10⁷ cusec respectively. As per records, already 7×10⁷ cusec of surface water and 7×10⁷ cusec of ground water are in use. Chemical quality of the river Ganga water as studied by the Central Pollution Control Board has deteriorated andtotal pollution load of the river has increased. Under the circumstances, this paper suggests that the River Ganga clean-up program must aim and address at restoring ecological flow at every stretch along the river course as also awareness among the stakeholders involved.

  Keywords: river basin, water pollution, purification.

• Characterization and Quality Assessment of Ground Water in Bokaro and Ramgarh District of Jharkhand
  S. Kumar, A. Beck, F. Alam, S. Upadhyay and A.K. Agrawal and A.S. Venkatesh
  Abstract

  Groundwater is a valuable component for life system. Rapid increase in population has forced millions of people to be dependent on groundwater, especially for drinking purposes. In India, groundwater supplies drinking water to over half the population of rural and urban areas. In order to fulfill the need of this huge population, unplanned development of groundwater resources have taken place. This rapid and unplanned development of groundwater has led to contamination of aquifers. Preview monitoring of water quality has become an important tool for providing vital information for proper water management. An investigation was carried out by collecting a total of 48 groundwater samples from Ramgarh and Bokaro District of Jharkhand (Fig.3a & b) to decipher groundwater evolution and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Seven main groundwater groups have been identified based on major ion concentrations. These are Ca-Na–HCO₃, Mg-Ca-HCO₃, Na–Ca-HCO₃, Ca-Na–Cl, Ca–HCO₃-Cl, Ca-Mg-HCO₃, Mg–Na-HCO₃. The important hydro chemical properties of groundwater used to determine its suitability for irrigation are MH, SAR, PI and RSC. The overall quality of waters in the study area is suitable for all constituents.

  Keywords: Hydrogeochemical parameters, Domestic and irrigation use, Jharkhand.

• Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index Method for Ground Water Quality Determination in and around Guwahati, Assam, India: A Case Study
  Suparna Datta, Akansha Kushwaha, Keisham Radhapyariand Utpal Gogoi
  Abstract

  Water quality index (WQI) is a rating reflecting the composite influence of different water quality parameters on the quality of water. WQI is calculated from the point of view of the suitability of water for human consumption. WQI indices are broadly classified into two types; they are physico-chemical and biological indices. The physico-chemical indices are based on the values of various physico-chemical parameters in a water sample, while biological indices are derived from the biological information. The present paper aims at calculation of WQI for groundwater of greater Guwahati, Assam, India based on hydro chemical data. In order to determine the groundwater quality of the area, total 66 Nos. of water samples has been collected for a comprehensive physicochemical study. For calculating the WQI, the following 12 parameters have been considered: pH, turbidity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron and fluorides. The relative weight assigned to each parameter ranged from 1 to 5 based on the importance of the parameters for human consumption. The water quality index calculated from the observed parameters ranges from 17.8 – 96.2. The high value of WQI has been found to be mainly from the location having higher values of iron, nitrate, total dissolved solids, hardness, fluorides and bicarbonate. The analysis reveals that the groundwater of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination. The index number offers a highly effective tool to assess the water quality for public or for any intended use as well as in the pollution mitigation plan and in water quality management.

  Keywords: Water Quality Index, Relative weight, Physico-Chemical Parameters, Groundwater.

• Durgapur Pollution Cluster of West Bengal — A Systematic Study
  Manashi Bhattacharyya
  Abstract

  The chemical quality monitoring study of groundwater from Industrial Pollution Cluster of West Bengal, notified by Central Pollution Control Board, is being carried out periodically by the Central Groundwater Board, Eastern Region, Kolkata. This paper intends to serve as a comparative study of groundwater quality data and information on findings of the analysed groundwater quality data of collected samples during March 2013 and 2016 from Durgapur Pollution Cluster Area, Bardhhaman district, West Bengal. All efforts have been made to incorporate exhaustive data related to groundwater quality and its suitability for Drinking, Agriculture and Industrial sector.

  Keywords: Pollution Cluster, chemical quality, groundwater quality

• Economics of Ground Water Development in Arsenic and Fluoride affected areas of West Bengal, India
  Dr. Achiransu Acharyya
  Abstract

  The state of West Bengal in India is severely affected from both high concentrations of Arsenic and Fluoride. Many existing studies on Fluoride and Arsenic have focused on the problem of mobilization of contaminants and some on the epidemiological aspects. This paper looks at the impact of the problem on the people affected. Medical cost is a burden of the affected people as also wage loss and complete inability to work. This is enhanced by the stigma that these ailments carry and the general perception about them in rural areas, partly influenced by doctor’s reluctance or ignorance in linking the symptoms with the cause. One important reason for hiding the ailment is also perceived genetic links amongst people, which affects marriageability amongst the youths. Some of these social impacts are measurable. Some others are intangible – loss in self-confidence, a self-enclosing of an affected pocket. What we see as common in both Fluoride and Arsenic contamination related problems is the root cause of both, i.e. groundwater contamination and that these impacts are longer term as opposed to short-term ailments such as Diarrhea that also emanate from water contamination. Thus, an attempt is made to measure these tangible components of the social impacts of Fluoride and Arsenic contamination – those of medical cost and wage loss.

  Keywords: groundwater contamination, epidemiology, economic loss.

• Impact of Arsenic Contaminated Ground Water Irrigation on Food Chain
  Prasanta Kumar Patra, Sukanta Pal and Supradip Sarkar
  Abstract

  Arsenic (As) contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems reported from about 20 countries across the globe, with the most severe problems occurring in Asia, is a very sensitive global issue due to its adverse impact, even at very low concentration, on human health causing serious health hazard to 150 million people around the globe where the As content in drinking water exceeded the safe limit of 0.01 mg L^-1 . An estimated 57 million people living in 0.173 million square km area of 111 blocks across 12 districts of West Bengal have been exposed to widespread groundwater arsenic contamination from geogenic sources. Apart from As in drinking water, which constitute a point source, As contaminated food constitute a major diffused source of As intake in human body and aggravate the problem further. Initially much attention was not focused on arsenic toxicity in water-soil-plant system but the intake of arsenic through food chain has recently been established. Initially though, soil acts as a major sink but on continuous use of arsenic polluted water for irrigation, turns this sink into a secondary source of arsenic pollution and increases arsenic load in edible plant parts. Results of numerous experiments conducted across the globe have pointed out that As contamination in water used for irrigation is the major cause of As entry into food chain. In West Bengal, growing summer rice results in the addition of 120 to 420 mg² arsenic per m in the top 10–15 cm of soils through application of 1200 to 1400 mm of As contaminated water each cropping season against a level of 25–50 mg As kg^-1 soil suggested as the safe limit. Specific physiological behavior clubbed with flooded anaerobic condition, where rice is normally grown and arsenic can be present in its reduced form [arsenite- As(III)], lead to inadvertent uptake of arsenite by rice plants and accumulation of about 10 folds higher amount of arsenic in grain and straw than other cereal crops. Against global normal range of 0.08 to 0.2 mg As kg^{– 1}, much higher value (1.8 mg As kg^{– 1} ) has been reported in rice grain and vegetables in India and Bangladesh. Rice being the staple food constitutes a principal source accounting for about half of the total arsenic intake into human system and the rural people in West Bengal consuming on average 400 g rice per day, are thus exposed to the threat of arsenic-related health hazards. While drinking water constitute a point source, Rice constitute a dominant diffused source of As intake to the population exposed to as well as those not exposed tohigh concentrations of arsenic in drinking water. Though rice straw containing higher levels of arsenic than rice grains, acts as another route of As entry into the food chain through its use as cattle feed, its importance has only been recognized in recentyears. Development of mitigation means to reduce As accumulation in rice is of utmost importance now and some of the strategies viz., water management, screening of low arsenic accumulating varieties and hybrids of rice, crop substitution, use of different organic and inorganic amendment and different microbes, have been tested with some success and are discussed in this paper.

  Keywords: arsenic, food, water management

• Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting for Drinking and Irrigation purposes in View of the Aquifer Disposition in Arsenic affected Blocks of South 24 Parganas : A Case Study in Baruipur Block
  Madhumanti Roy
  Abstract

  Aquifer mapping has been carried out in arsenic affected blocks of South 24 Parganas under National Aquifer Mapping & Management Programme of Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) in 1251.45 sq km area which includes Bhangar I & II, Bishnupur I & II, Sonarpur, Baruipur, Jaynagar I, Magrahat II & Budgebudge II blocks. Aquifer wise quality problems in individual blocks have been identified- beside arsenic, salinity problem also persists in the western and southern part of the study area i.e, in Sonarpur, Baruipur, Bishnupur I & II blocks, Jaynagar I, Magrahat II & western part of Bhangar I block. A saline – fresh water interface has been interpreted in the study area from exploration data, chemical quality of water samples, geophysical data and micro level hydrogeological survey. The aquifers are occurring in confined condition in the study area except some locally occurring unconfined aquifers (levee deposits) in parts of Baruipur block. In this study Baruipur block has been chosen for detailed investigation. The groundwater scenario of shallow and deeper aquifers has been analyzed on the basis of water level trend and depth to water level data and stress zone has been marked. From the 4^th MI census it has been found that the usage of shallow groundwater is quite high in irrigation practices of this block which is one of the main reasons for declining water level trend. On the other hand, the increasing population of Baruipur block has contributed in declining water level of deeper fresh aquifer. In this scenario, rainwater harvesting has been considered to determine the possibility of catering drinking water demand in Baruipur block for areas where no water supply scheme has been introduced till now and the population is vulnerable towards consumption of arsenic affected groundwater. Rainwater harvesting can also resolve the irrigation water demand to some extent in the cultivable areas which are not yet covered by any irrigation schemes.

  Key words: aquifer mapping, irrigation, rainwater harvesting

Topics

• Monthly Drought Assessment and Early Warning for Droughts in Purulia District of West Bengal
  Sabita Roy and Sugata Hazra
  Abstract

  The Purulia district of West Bengal is mostly a hard rock terrain of undulating topography with average elevation of 228 metres and the soils have low water retention capacity. Purulia is vulnerable to droughts, which is a common and recurring
  phenomenon in this district. With inadequate water resources to meet the demand of the district, agriculture is dominantly rainfed, which during low rainfall in sowing months, leads to meteorological and agricultural drought in the district. Yet, most research on droughts of Purulia focus on yearly analysis than monthly drought assessment in higher resolution. Various drought indices have been used in the present study to analyse drought situations.

  In the present study, various surface and meteorological parameters have been used to compute meteorological,
  hydrological and vegetative drought indices and to map them through GIS based interpolation. The Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. The Standardised Water-level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess the ground water recharge deficit. Vegetative drought index has been calculated using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values obtained from MODIS data to recognise agricultural droughts. Spatial and temporal variations in monthly meteorological, hydrological and vegetative droughts in the district have been analysed during the two drought years of 2010 and 2015, and agricultural drought impact has been assessed using annual rice production data. In 2010, onset of drought was indicated by SPI in the month of May which was closely followed by VCI/NDVI and SWI anomalies up to the month of August. The growing season between May to August experienced severe to extreme drought conditions at a stretch. Similarly, in 2015, drought onset was marked first by SPI followed by NDVI anomaly, and then by SWI. Higher rainfall in July and August 2015 was reflected in the higher NDVI anomaly in the month September 2015 and extreme drought or rainfall deficit condition in September was reciprocated with lower NDVI and SWI anomalies in the month October and November 2015. Thus, there was nearly a two month lag between precipitation occurrence and vegetation response, or, in other words, between rainfall deficit and agricultural droughts. This lead time between monthly rainfall deficit and occurrence of agricultural drought can be utilised to issue local drought warning and appropriate drought mitigation measures at the community level.

  Keywords: Monthly drought, SPI, SWI, NDVI Anomaly, Purulia

• Analysis of Long-Term Rainfall Variaon and Groundwater Level Fluctuaon by using GIS and Remote Sensing in part of East Singhbhum District of Jharkhand
  Prasoon Kumar Singh and Parveen Purty

• Esmaon of Specific yield using Monthly Ground Water Budgeng:
  A Case Study from a Micro-watershed in Hard Rock Terrain in Western Parts of Bankura District of West Bengal
  Sanjib Chakraborty
  Abstract

  Specific yield is an imperative parameter in evaluation of ground water resources of an area. The heterogeneous lithologic and structural characteristics results in variation of specific yield value in time and space. Therefore, estimation of specific yield value for different hydro-geomorphic units, particularly in hard rock terrain is of utmost importance. An emblematic watershed in gneissic terrain in the western parts of Bankura district, West Bengal has been delineated to undertake the study on monthly ground water budgeting for three consecutive non-monsoon months. The watershed covers an area of 16.37 sq. km and includes parts of Gangajalgahati and Saltora blocks of Bankura district. The watershed is drained by second order tributary of the river Damodar and is flowing towards E-NE direction. The average topographic elevation varies between 140 to 100 mamsl. The area is underlain by granite gneiss and the shallow unconfined aquifer is represented by weathered mantle and shallow fractures. The ground water is extracted mostly from dug wells for domestic and irrigation purpose.

  An attempt has been made to determine the specific yield of the shallow aquifer using the monthly ground water budgeting equation by the ratio of net volume of water removed to the volume of aquifer de-saturated. The value is further verified using dry season ground water balance equation. The average specific yield value works out to be 0.0026 in March and 0.0015 in April. Specific yield value is site specific and it varies with time, depth and nature of the formations. The estimated value in present study indicates much lower value in granitic terrain in contrast to the general norms as recommended by Ground Water Resource Estimation Methodology (GEC, 1997). It has also been estimated that a huge quantum of water, even more than the gross draft for all uses seeps out of the watershed through the trunk stream. Therefore, batteries of check dam or nala-bunds are recommended at the suitable sites to reduce the surface runoff and to recharge the shallow aquifer for sustainable development.

  Key words: specific yield, watershed, recharge.

• Mathemacal Modeling in Groundwater Hydrology
  Subrata Halder

• Rainfall Predicon with Arficial Intelligence
  Sutapa Chaudhuri
  Abstract

  Indian summer monsoon has remarkable impact on Indian cultivation and culture and nearly two third of the world’s population depend on all India summer monsoon rainfall (AISMR). In view of the significant impact of monsoon system on regional as well as global climate systems, accurate prediction of summer monsoon rainfall has become a challenge. The objective of this study is to develop an intelligent adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for forecasting AISMR. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of temperature, zonal and meridional wind at different pressure levels have been taken to construct the input matrix of ANFIS. The membership of the input parameters for AISMR as high, medium or low is estimated with trapezoidal membership function. The fuzzified standardized input parameters and the de-fuzzified target output are trained with artificial neural network (ANN) models. The forecast of AISMR with ANFIS is compared with non – hybrid multi-layer perceptron model (MLP), radial basis functions network (RBFN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The forecast error analyses of the models reveal that ANFIS provides the best forecast of AISMR with minimum prediction error of 0.076, whereas the errors with MLP, RBFN and MLR models are 0.22, 0.18 and 0.73 respectively. During validation with observations, ANFIS shows its potency over the said comparative models. The forecast skill of ANFIS is also observed to be better than Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2). The real – time forecast with ANFIS shows possibility of deficit (65 – 75 cm) AISMR in the year 2015.

  Key words: AISMR, ANFIS, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, CFSv2, real – time forecast

• Disparity in Agricultural Producvity and Groundwater Condions in Nadia District of West Bengal
  Suman Kumar Dey and Shasanka Kumar Gayen
  Abstract

  Being the back bone of Indian economy, agriculture contributes about 14.6% of Gross Domestic Production (GDP) and more or less two third of total population directly or indirectly is dependent on it. Under the circumstances, the main objective of this study is to examine the block-wise agricultural productivity and water condition in Nadia district and classify these blocks into different agricultural productivity zones.

  Amongst South Asian countries, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are affiliated with many challenging issues of ground water economy. In India, increasing uses of ground water for irrigation purposes have invited many critical problems in many states like Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. So, country needs strong groundwater governance focusing on institutional polices for ground water use and productivity of that irrigation use i.e. groundwater economy. This research paper is based on data analysis of 17 Blocks (administrative unit) of the district of Nadia in West Bengal. These blocks fall in among Jalangi-Bhagirathi Basin, Churni- Hugli Basin, Ichhamati-Hugli basin of Bhagirathi/Hooghly River System. The area under study spreads over 3927 km² between 22º53’N-24º11’N and 88º 09’E-88º48’E. With bountiful water resources (ground water, surface water and wet land of moribund) and fertile land, this area is an ideal granary of the State. With concern in falling trend of ground water level, annual crop production of 17 blocks are collected to study the change in crop productivity and trend of changing ground water level. Data analysis reflects that only one block (Ranaghat-I) experiences the decreasing trend for both ground water level and crop productivity.

  Key words: Average Agricultural Method, Agricultural Productivity, Ground water condition.

• Water Audit and Water Footprint approaches in the water stress India of 21st Century
  Anadi Gayen

• Review of Text book on Water Chemistry
  V S Joji

• News and Views

• Guidelines for Preparaon of Manuscript

Topics

• Economic Instruments for Groundwater Management
  Dr. Achiransu Acharya
• Sustainability Assessment of the Groundwater Quality in the Kashipur block of Purulia District in West Bengal
  Dr. Anindita Mukherjee and S.K. Nag
• Ground Water Scenario and Sustainability of Ground Water Resources in a small tropical coral Island of Androth in the Laccadive Sea Region of Arabian Sea
  Joji, V S and Jayapal, G
• Methodology for estimation of ground water resources in India: An overview
  Anadi Gayen
• Assessmentof Water quality in Banaganapalli, Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India
  D. Naresh Kumar, T. Madhu and Ramanaiah
• Debacle a la East-West Metro: A brief overview
  Arka Ghosh
• Delineation of Groundwater Recharge Zone in Precambrian Metamorphic : An Appraisal from the Purulia district of West Bengal, India
  Tamal Sur, Tapas Acharya and monalisa Mitra
• News and Views
• Guidelines for preparation of manuscript

Topics

• Crucial Role of Managed Aquifer Recharge as an Adaptation Strategy for Groundwater Sustainability in the Face of Climate Change in India
  Dr. Ratan Jain
  Abstract

  As per key findings of climate change projections for India, the increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation will also mean that much of the monsoon rain would be lost as direct run-off will result in reduced groundwater recharge and increased ground water withdrawal, which might further exasperate the present scenario of imbalanced development. The adaptation strategies proposed for mitigating the increasing stress on ground water resources due to climate change for enhancing recharge of groundwater aquifers, mandate water harvesting and artificial recharge in urban areas, ground water governance, incentivizing to promote recharging of ground water, intelligent power rationing for irrigation,optimizing water use efficiency, conjunctive management etc. These have been examined at great length in terms of the technical feasibility as well as social relevance of implementation in the light of extensive experience gained in the country. Sustainable development of ground water resources and various mitigation programs can be accomplished only with the help and active cooperation of all stakeholders such as the Ministries of Government of India for Water Resources, and the individual users. To be successful in this mission we also have to create conditions for complete synergy in the activities of all the stakeholders. As a major response to climate change, the role and space for various stakeholders, namely farmers, NGOs, local communities and for groundwater recharge, canal system managers and Groundwater Recharge SPV, is outlined in this paper.

• Application of Game Theory in Water Resource Management
  Dr.Achiransu Acharyya
  Abstract

  Game Theory (GT), both in its non-cooperative (NCGT) and cooperative (CGT) forms, has been pivotal in its contribution to the analysis of important aspects related to water resources. Over time, GT models have developed and have been applied to various aspects of water management, such as decisions on cost and benefit allocation in multi-objective multi-use water projects, conflicts and joint management of irrigation projects, management of groundwater aquifers, hydropower facilities, urban water supplies, wastewater treatment plants, and trans-boundary water disputes.

  World water resources face new challenges that suggest a renewed role for GT in water management. Scarcity, growing populations, and massive development have led to increased competition over water resources and subsequent elevated pollution levels. Climate change is expected to unevenly affect the hydrological cycle, leading to increased variability in water supplies across time and space and uncertainty in water allocation decisions. Future investments in water resource projects will be astronomical, needing much more stable rules for cost allocations among participating entities and over time. Levels of water disputes may vary from local to regional, state, and international levels. All of these suggest that while GT models and applications to water resources have advanced over the years, much more is expected.

• Potentiality of Rainwater Harvesting in Water Stress Area: Case of Amdangain North 24 Parganas of West Bengal
  Satabdi Biswas
  Abstract

  Uncontrolled population increase along with urbanization is responsible for physical and socio-cultural changes of any area. This process drastically changes the land use and land cover. This makes severe threat to existing resources. Eventually water become scarce and water related issues such as widening gap between water demand and supply, water dependency, over-exploitation of ground water, contamination of ground water, water-borne diseases, drainage, water logging, etc., occurs. Proper water management is required to cope with all these issues, particularly health hazards caused from water related diseases. Way-out has been found through rain-water harvesting (RWH) method wherever applicable.

• Water Conditions and Disparity in Agricultural Productivity of Saraswati River Basin in Hooghly District of West Bengal
  Suman Kumar Dey, Kumkum Dey and Tapan Kumar Ray
  Abstract

  Amongst South Asian countries, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are affected with many challenging issues of ground water economy. In India, increasing uses of ground water for irrigation purposes have invited many critical problems in many states like Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. So, the country needs good groundwater governance focusing on institutional polices of ground water use and productivity of that irrigation use i.e. groundwater economy. This research paper is based on data analysis of 11 Blocks (administrative unit) of district Hooghly, India. The blocks fall in Saraswati River Basin of Bhagirathi/Hooghly River System. Once navigable Saraswati River had a glorious past but now it has become a decaying channel, though it was a link channel for colonial traders. The area under study spreads over 1448 kms between 22°30’N-23°15’N and 88° 00’E-88°30’E. With bountiful water resources (ground water, surface water and wet land of moribund) and fertile land, this area is an ideal granary of the State of West Bengal. With falling trend of ground water level, annual crop production of 18 blocks is collected. Out of these, 11 blocks within Saraswati basin are studied to see the change in crop productivity and trend of changing ground water level. Data analysis reflects that both ground water level and crop productivity are decreasing.

• Ground water prospection in Hard Rock Regions
  Dr. S.K. Sharma and Shuchi Mishra
  Abstract

  Remote sensing is an important tool for exploration of fractured aquifers in the hard rock region. The hard rocks comprise of a host of rocks like crystalline, metamorphic, plateau basalts, etc. Groundwater occurrence and recharge in crystalline rock aquifers is measured by fracture concentration obtainable as ‘photo linear’ and ‘satellite lineation’s’ indicative of the presence of faults and fissures. Fracture frequency and fracture density, fault-wells and joint-wells drainage, linear intersections and vertical and oblique fractures are detection keys in mapping fissured and fractured aquifers. The paper deals with procedure of using satellite imagery in mapping for groundwater. It gives an overview for the drainage analysis in geo-hydrological interpretation and morphometric analysis of fractures over Basalts in Gulberga, Karnataka.

• Assessment of groundwater quality in Bardhaman district, West Bengal with special reference to its WQI (Water Quality Index)
  Antara Das, Swarnendu Sekhar Das, Ayan De, Madhurima Joardar, Nilanjana Roy Chowdhury, Tarit Roychowdhury
  Abstract

  Use of groundwater for drinking purposes is one of the most important phenomenon for healthy living which needs regular monitoring through the analysis of all water quality parameters. The district of Bardhaman holds an imperative role in the agriculture of West Bengal. Therefore, maintenance of the quality of irrigation water is also essential. The present work has been done in all the blocks of Bardhaman district on analysis of 21 physico-chemical parameters in groundwater. It has been observed that towards the border of Jharkhand district, there is a noticeable nitrate and fluoride contamination into groundwater. Maximum nitrate is found to be 164 mg/l whereas maximum uranium is found as 4.1 mg/l. No uranium contamination has been observed above its recommended value in drinking water. Purbasthali I and II blocks are arsenic affected but detailed sampling is mandatory for future work. WQI (Water quality index)study shows that presently a decent portion (58.3%) of groundwater is healthy for drinking and other household purposes but it needs regular concern as different anthropogenic activities may also distress water quality.

• Assessment of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Irrigation in Different Groundwater Availability Regimes of Haryana
  Jitender Kumar and M.S. Jaglan
  Abstract

  Groundwater depletion and deterioration of its quality are the major environmental issues in tube-well irrigated area in Haryana. The intensification of cropping and expansion of rice-wheat crop combination have led to excessive mining of groundwater and deterioration of groundwater quality.The present study attempts to analyse the groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes across the different regimes of groundwater availability. The excessive draft of groundwater in many parts of the State has altered the hydro-geochemistry of the area. The study shows that in the State of Haryana, groundwater quality is largely controlled by evaporation processes in low groundwater availability regime (LGAR) and moderate groundwater availability regime (MGAR) while it is controlled by lithology in high groundwater availability regime (HGAR). There has been improvement in EC (salinity level) in MGAR and HGAR. But LGAR, which is marred by scarcity of groundwater, has experienced increase in salinity. RSC based unsuitability of groundwater has also increased sharply in the State. It has particularly deteriorated in LGAR and HGAR. However, in MGAR, conjunctive use of canal and groundwater may have prevented deterioration of groundwater quality. Hence, there seems to be a positive effect of conjunctive use of water on groundwater quality. The groundwater quality in the State has particularly deteriorated in groundwater scarcity regime, LGAR.

• Exposure to arsenic toxicity through drinking water with special reference to rice grain contamination and its adverse health effects in arsenic affected areas from West Bengal, India
  Madhurima Joardar, Nilanjana Roy Chowdhury, Antara Das, Ayan De, Tarit Roychowdhury
  Abstract

  One of the most crucial environmental concerns is natural groundwater arsenic contamination in rural Bengal and its resulting toxic effectposes threats to human health. The present study highlights the arsenic contamination scenario in the population of the affected Deganga and Gaighata block of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. Additional danger of arsenic posed by rice grain, which is considered as a staple food crop of rural Bengal were collected from the exposed population for the study of arsenic accumulation. On a particular note, the biomarkers of the arsenic (Urine, Hair and Nail) were collected from the affected population to study the effect of acute and chronic toxicity on human health. The analysis specifically involvedquantitative assay of biological samples – urine, hair and nail samples. The interpretations provided a deeper insight of the arsenic accumulation and its distribution patternin arsenic affected individuals from the exposed population. This study therefore, put forward the vital use of arsenic free water during agricultural purpose which will lead to the reduction of arsenic accumulation in the paddy plant. According to the translocation theory, this would directly lower arsenic accumulation in the rice grains leading to reduced arsenic exposure in human through rice intake. So, the affected population needs to overcome their present condition by consumingthe arsenic free drinking water rather than intake of arsenic through their contaminated domestic shallow tube-well water. Our study revealed that in case of both the affected population, the male individuals are prone to higher cancer risk compared to the female individuals. Similarly, in the non-cancer risk assessment (through inorganic As) for both male and female individuals, the HQ value is very much higher than 1. So, the individuals from this population are prone to several other severe health hazards not only through contaminated drinking water but also through contaminated foodstuffs found in the affected areas. The population also needs to avoid the use of contaminated groundwater for the irrigation, cooking purposes to prevent the exposure through various other sources.

• Hydro-geochemical Investigation and Qualitative Appraisal of Groundwater of Taldangra Block, Bankura District, West Bengal
  Moumita Palmajumder, Susanta Chaudhuri, Vikas K. Das, Avik Das, S.K.Nag
  Abstract

  A study was conducted to detect the hydrochemistry of groundwater in Taldangra Block, Bankura district, West Bengal. Twenty-groundwater samples from bore-wells during post-monsoon and pre-monsoon sessions each were collected. Analysis of these water samples were done to evaluate their hydrochemistry and usability for domestic and agricultural purposes. Measurements of some parameters, which include pH, TDS, EC, have been done in situ sample location points itself. For determining other parameters like cat-ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) and anions (Cl, HCO₃^–, SO4^2-, F^–), samples were brought to the laboratory. For determining irrigation suitability of collected groundwater samples, parameters such as SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio), SSP (Soluble Sodium Percentage), RSC (Residual Sodium Carbonate), MAR (Magnesium Adsorption Ratio), KR (Kelly’s Ratio), PI (Permeability Index) were calculated. Results obtained for the water samples are found to belong to low salinity and low sodium types when marked in the US Salinity Laboratory (1954) diagram and suggest good for agricultural uses. The hydrochemistry of the investigated area are normally good but vary from very hard to hard. In a few localities of the investigated area, total hardness is identified as high, which suggest not using the water for drinking. In such places, the groundwater may be contaminated by the interaction between rock and water along with agricultural drain out. The Piper plot show marked domination of Ca²⁺-Na⁺ – SO4^2-, mixed Ca²⁺ – Mg²⁺-Na⁺ -HCO3^– types.

Topics

• Human Health Hazards Due to Arsenic and Fluoride: Contamination in Drinking Water and Food Chain
  Dr. D. N. Guha Mazumder
• Economic Approach to Evaluation of Fluoride Mitigation Measures
  Dr. Achiransu Acharyya
• Ground Water Governance and Management in India
  Dr. S. K. Sharma
• Groundwater Resources of Gujarat : Resources Status, Issues & Future Strategies
  Dr. R.C. Jain
• Groundwater Flow Direction and Long Term Trend of Water Level in Alluvial Parts of Kasai- Suvarnarekha Basin of Eastern India
  Ranjan Sinha and Shalivahan
• Evaluation of Groundwater Quality along Suvarnavathi River, Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka, India
  R. Nirmala and C. Krishnaiah
• Tracing the contours of minor irrigation in West Bengal, India
  Susnata Ganguly
• Water Conditions and Disparity in Agricultural Productivity of Saraswati River Basin in Hoogly District of West Bengal
  Suman Kumar Dey, Kumkum Dey and Tapan Kumar Ray
• Comprehensive characterization of air quality of a metropolis of India with continuous ambient air quality monitoring system
  Ishita Sarkar, Debanjana Dasand and Sutapa Chaudhuri

Topics

• Water Today – A Stakeholder’s Perspective
  Jayanti Ray
• Ground Water Management in Contrasting Groundwater Regimes in Hard Rock Aquifers, Parts of Nalgonda District, Telangana State
  G. Praveen Kumar, P.N. Rao, R. Pavanaguru
• Overview of Water-Energy-Food Nexus in the city of Bengaluru and the state of Karnataka.
  Aditya K. Kaushik
• Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) – A path not profusely explored to solve the crisis of water scarcity
  Satabdi Biswas, Anupam Debsarkar, Gunipath Bhandari
• Technological Inputs for Community Participation in Ground water Management
  Dr. R.C. Jain
• Modeling of Aquifer System: A Tool for Groundwater Management
  Dr. Narayan C. Ghosh
• Hydrogeochemical perspective including health hazards in the arsenic infested Ambagarh Chowki block of Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh, India
  Anandi Gayen, Edwin Paul

Topics

• Opportunities and Challenges for Managed Aquifer Recharge in India
  R.C. Jain
• Geospatial aspects in Urban Hydrology: A Review
  Parthasarathi Chakrabarti
• Regulation and Management of Groundwater Resources: A Case Study in Palakkad District, South India
  Joji V S
• Vulnerability Mapping of Saline Water Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers of West Bengal, India using Flow-Net approach
  Tapas Acharya, Arkoprovo Biswas, Archita Bhattacharyya, Atmadeep Chakraborty, Manish Chakraborty, Tanmay Sarkar
• Assessment of Groundwater quality in a Coastal Region of Andhra Pradesh, India using Water Quality Index and GIS
  P. Swarna Latha
• Dynamics and Spatial Pattern of Groundwater depletion in Haryana
  Jitender Kumar, M S Jaglan
• How to do away with the contamination of Groundwater in the Kolkata Metropolis
  Sudhir Das

Topics

• Groundwater Quality in a Tribal Region of Thatipudi Watershed, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India
  K. Nageswara Rao
• Hydro Geological Scenario of New Town, Rajarhat City, State West Bengal
  Dr. S.P. Sinha Ray, Sri. Abhijit Ray
• Investigation on the variability in Cloud and Aerosol Properties during Pre-Monsoon Convective Season over a Metropolis of India
  Arumita Roy Chowdhury and Sutapa Chaudhuri
• An Overview of Rainwater Harvesting: A Sustainable Way of Water Utilization
  Dr. Rejaul Islam Sana, Mr. Suman Kumar Dey, Dr. Anita Chakraborty
• Anthropogenic degradation of a Navigable River- A Study on Saraswati River Basin, West Bengal, India
  Debaroti Das, Dr. S.P. Sinha Ray, Dr. Sandhya Bhadury
• Inta-Seasonal Variability of Oceanic Biogeochemical Behavior: A Diagnostic Elucidation over North Indian Ocean Basin
  Debjani Basu, Debanjan Das, Sutapa Chaudhuri

Topics

• A Short Communication on Groundwater Scenario In India: Past, Present And Future
  Shibam Mitra, Anirban Biswas, Subhojit Bhowmick, Nilanjana Roy Chowdhury, Tarit Roychowdhury
• Evaluation of Iron In Groundwater Of Coastal Tract Of Thrissur District, Central Kerala, India
  Joji , V. S
• Sustainable Development Of Groundwater Resources In India: A Re-Look At Policy Initiatives
  Dr. Achiransu Acharyya
• Water Quality Assessment During Tropical Cyclones With In – Situ And Remotely Sensed Observations: A Critique
  Sutapa Chaudhuri and Jayanti Pal
• Mine Hydrogeology Of Trans-Damodar Underground Coal Block
  P.K. Deb
• Fluoride Toxicity At Nasipur Village-Nalhati-1, Block, Birbhum-A Pioneer Study Of Fluoride Menace In West Bengal, India
  A. Sengupta and T. K. Ray
• Adoptation Of Safe Drinking Water Option In Arsenic Contaminated Areas
  Babar Ali Shah
• A Preliminary Survey Of Indian River In View Of Social Consciousness And Citizen’s Attitude Towards Its Pollution Issue
  Sayanti Kar, Amitava Ghosh, Pritam Aitch, Gupinath Bhandari

Topics

• Groundwater Law and Policy: West Bengal’s Legal Framework in the Developmental Context
  Prof. P. Ishwara Bhat, Zainab Lokhandwala
• Automated Generic Categorization of Hard Rock Aquifers: An Innovative Approach
  Arunangshu Mukherjee
• Climate Change and Groundwater
  C.P.Kumar, Surjeet Singh
• Analysis of Groundwater Markets in West Bengal : Some Related Issues
  Dr. Achiransu Acharyya
• Long-term Behaviour of Ground Water Regime During Pre-monsoon as well as Post-monsoon period and Water Management Issues in and around Port Blair City in South Andaman Islands
  Anadi Gayen
• Conjunctive Use of Ground Water and Surface Water for Enhancing of Irrigated Area in parts of South 24 Parganas District, West Bengal
  K.K.Nag Choudhury, Ajoy Kumar Misra, Saurabh Sinha, Parthasarathi Mukherjee

Topics

• Nanomineral Particles In Hydro-GeoEnvironmental Pursuits: Exemplars from Natural Systems
  S.Chakrabarti and Ranen Sen
• Sustainable Drinking Water Supply from the High Altitude Springs In Sikkim Himalayas
  B.C. Joshi and Amlanjyoti Kar
• Sustainability of Groundwater In a Small Coral Island of Minicoy, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India
  Joji, V.S
• Management of Sand Dune Aquifers in Digha-Khejuri Tract, East Medinipur District, West Bengal- A potential Supplement For Freshwater Supply To The Communities
  Sunanda Jas & Saradindu Chakrabarti
• Scope for Development of River Bed Sub-Surface Aquifer In Fluoride Affected Blocks of South Dinajpur District, West Bengal As Sustainable Mitigation Measures
  Hiranmoy Sarkar, Saheb Das & S.P.Sinha Ray
• Spatial Analysis of Groundwater Quality in Gurgaon And Faridabad Region of National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi In Geomorphic Perspective And Temporal Framework
  Shraddha Rajput & Shashank Shekhar
• A Case Study on Slug Tests Conducted For Determination of Aquifer Parameters In Eastern Rajasthan Using Local Logistics At a Low Cost
  Rana Chatterjee, Vikas Tomar, P.K.Prachure

Topics

• Prospect of Groundwater Development in India
  A.K.Ghosh
• Assessment of Characterization, evolution and suitability of Fluoride rich waters in deeper coastal aquifer of Alapuzha, Kerala South India for domestic and irrigational purposes
  V.S.Joji
• Status of Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in the States of North-East India : A Review
  B.A.Shah
• Occurrence and Impacts of Fluoride in Drinking Water – A review
  S.S.Babu, S.Kumar, T. Roychowdhury, V.Vidyadharan, N. Roychowdhury, J Samanta, S. Bhowmick
• Water quality assessment of ponds of Varanasi city, Uttar Pradesh, India using major and trace elements
  Md. M. Azam, M Kumari, J.K. Tripathi, A.K.Singh
• Hydrogeological conditions and Tsunami impact on ground water resources in North and Middle Andaman districts of Andaman and Nicobar islands- A field perspective
  A.Gayen

Topics

• Vulnerability Assessment of Groundwater in Coastal Aquifer
  Chidambaram S., Ramanathan A.L., Thivya C., Thilagavathi R., Sarathidasan, Pradeep
• Alluvial Plains of Darbhanga Province, Bihar: A Zone of Arsenic Vulnerability
  Arvind Kumar Patel, Jyoti Prakash Deka, Aparna Das, Manish Kumar
• Understanding Landuse/ Landcover and Quality of Groundwater with Special Emphasis on Irrigation and Domestic Suitability in Bardhaman District, West Bengal, India
  Asit Kumar Batabyal, Surajit Chakraborty
• Groundwater Pollution – A Great Challenge to Mankind
  N.Bandyopadhyay
• Evaluation of Different Hydrogeological Conditions of the Dwarakeshwar and Damodar Rivers in Purulia district, West Bengal
  Saheb Das, Abhijit Ray, S.P.Sinha Ray
• Large Scale of Water Supply Scheme in Recent Alluvium Water Table Aquifer on the River Bed and Palleo-Channel Deposit of the River Subarnarekha in Nayagram Block, West Midnapore District, West Bengal
  Hiranmoy Sarkar, S.P.Sinha Ray
• Role of Paleochannels in Groundwater Prospecting: A Case Study from Coochbehar District, West Bengal
  Alokesh Chatterjee, Tamoghno Basu

Topics

• Importance of Aquifer Management for inclusive growth in India
  Dr. R.C. Jain
• Prevalance and Mitigation of Arsenic Contamination in groundwater of West Bengal
  A.Banerjee, S.Halder and N. Naha
• GIS based multi-criteria model for sustainable development of a micro-watershed of Himachal Pradesh, India
  P.K.Sikdar, Tanushyam Bhowmik and Surajit Chakraborty
• Conceptual Model of Groundwater Flow Dynamics and Recharge in Laterite Aquifer Systems of Humid Tropical Regions: A case Study from The State of Kerala, India
  Kunhambu. V, Vinyachandran. N, Balakrishnan., K, Anita Shyam T.S.
• Crop sequences vis-a-vis irrigation water related problems and mitigation: an overview of West Bengal emphasizing alluvial zone
  M. Ray, D.C. Roy and A.K.Nandi
• Hydro-stratigraphic Characterization of Aquifer groups from Geophysical logs in Parts of Ganga-Yamuna Interfluve, North India
  Ranjan Sinha

Topics

• Security of Groundwater Based Water Supply of Kolkata City
  P.K.Sikdar and Paulami Sahu
• India’s Looming Water Scarcity and Management Alternatives
  Dhrubajyoti Sen
• Groundwater Resource Availability and its Development Potential for Enhancing Assured Irrigation in Bihar State Located in Middle Ganga Plain
  Dipankar Saha and Sudarsan Sahu
• Comperative Performance of Fuzzy Logic and ANN Base Groundwater Models for Prediction of Depth to Water Table in Ramganga-Kosi Interbasin
  Thakare Kirtikumar Raghunath and Shiv Kumar
• Hydrogeology of Hard Rock Aquifer of Purulia District, West Bengal
  Satyajit Biswas
• Impact of Groundwater Withdrawl for Proposed Industries at Dhabhumgarh In Purbi Singbhum district of Jharkhand
  Pradip K Sengupta
• Drinking Water Safety in Sunderban Area, West Bengal- A rational approach
  Kakoli Sensarma & Somenath Bhattacharyya
• Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater from Different Quaternary Domains in India
  Babar Ali Shah
• Water Quality Monitoring and Mapping of Hooghly and Haldi River Near Haldia Industrial Belt
  Santanu Pani, Abhishek Chakrabarty, Sandhya Bhadury
• A Research Note on Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater in South Dinajpur District, West Bengal and Its Impact on Food Chain
  Hiranmoy Sarkar, Saheb Das
• Hydrogeological Framework of Subsurface Aquitard of Kolkata and a Part of Howrah
  Shreya Chaudhari
• Recent Studies on Groundwater Regime in Parts of Sagar Islands and Namkhana Block, South 24 Parganas District, West Bengal
  Sunanda Jas & Popy Kolay

Topics

• Assessment of performance of existing Rainwater Harvesting structures and Groundwater recharging system in the rural and urban areas of Purulia and Bankura District, West Bengal
  Mrinal Kanti Sinha, S.P.Sinha Ray, Manjulika Pandit & B.C.Mehta
• Sustainable water management in the drought prone riverine tracts of South West Bengal
  Susanta Kumar Chakraborty, Ashis Kumar Paul, Jatisankar Bandyopadhyay, Debdulal Banerjee, Hirulal Pakhira, Subhasri Middya, Subrata Jana, Prasejit Sahoo, Kishalay Paria & Kartic Bera
• Site suitability analysis for Check DAM: A Geomorphic approach, a case study of Ausgram Block, Burdwan District, West Bengal, India
  C.Prakasam
• Evaluation of Ecotoxicological risks related to the discharge of combined industrial/sewage effluent in UNNAO Industrial area, UP
  Alka Tripathi, Supriya Sing, S.K.Srivastava & J.S.Sharma
• Geochemistry of Saline Ground Waters in coastal Orissa
  B.C.Mehta, K.K.Srivastava & J.S.Sharma
• Aquifer transect in marginal-axial Alluvial deposits in the Gangetic Plains, India
  Dipankar Saha
• Minimization of IPC-IPU GAP in minor Irrigation sector of West Bengal, India
  Subrata Halder
• Effects of pumping in the Quaternary Aquifer below an Industrial belt in Howrah District, West Bengal on pollutant movement
  Paulami Sahu & P.K. Sikdar
• Ground Water and possible environmental impact on it due to climate change and comprehensive management plan for sustainable development
  Ranajit Saha